Raspberry PI

How to connect it to Windows with direct ethernet connection

Change the firewall on Windows to allow port for DHCP. The DHCP server uses port 67, supporting both TCP and UDP
Download a DHCP server from https://www.dhcpserver.de/cms/download/. I have uploaded it to https://huggingface.co/csukuangfj/dhcp-server-for-windows
Change the IP address of the network interface on Windows to 192.168.1.2.
Download and install wireshark. Start it to capture the traffic of the network interface, on which we will run the DHCP server. We can use the filter dhcp to filter out packets.
Start the dhcpwiz.exe to configure the DHCP server. Wet set the starting address to 192.168.1.100. Note: Don't put 192.168.1.2 into the pool since it has already been occupied.
Use a network cable to connect the windows machine with Raspberry pi.
We can see the IP address of the Raspberry pi from the packets captured by wireshark.

Default IP of Raspberry pi

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 169.254.49.182  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 169.254.255.255
        inet6 fe80::11f:baaf:1325:9f1e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether dc:a6:32:cc:76:1c  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 275806  bytes 67146923 (64.0 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 5359  bytes 454586 (443.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

We can use Wireshark to capture its network traffic and find its address. Then we can assign a static address, e.g., 169.254.49.181 to our own computer.

169.254.0.0/16 IPv4 link local addresses.

Headless setup

Download the 64-bit image from https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/. The current version is https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/#raspberry-pi-os-64-bit
After flashing to a SD card with BalenaEtcher, create two files in the drive bootfs
- A empty file with name ssh, not it has no extension.
- userconf.txt containing
  pi:$6$45qY/WWAHw7hR5Fk$30VJUl878J3iQhc2WczQhOtjmiqWijSgUE9oY92v1BIl4n9PiF2TPzxRjlf/wMshZZJOOee/cdDxYoQeJvtKR0

pi` is the user name while the second part is the encrypted password ``pi generated by openssl passwd -6.