ffi Example 1
cargo new ffi_ex_1
cd ffi_ex_1
cargo add cc --build
$ cargo add cc --build
Updating crates.io index
Adding cc v1.2.27 to build-dependencies
Features:
- jobserver
- parallel
Updating crates.io index
Locking 2 packages to latest Rust 1.87.0 compatible versions
Adding cc v1.2.27
Adding shlex v1.3.0
After creating and editing build.rs and ./src/hello.c:
$ tree .
.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── build.rs
└── src
├── hello.c
└── main.rs
1 directory, 5 files
./Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "ffi_ex_1"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"
[build-dependencies]
cc = "1.2.27"
./build.rs
fn main() {
cc::Build::new().file("src/hello.c").compile("hello");
println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src/hello.c");
}
./src/hello.c
int my_add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
./src/main.rs
use std::os::raw::c_int;
unsafe extern "C" {
fn my_add(a: c_int, b: c_int) -> c_int;
}
fn main() {
let a: i32;
unsafe {
a = my_add(10, 20);
}
println!("my_add returns {a}");
}
cargo build -vv > a.txt 2>&1
a.txt
Compiling shlex v1.3.0
Running
`CARGO=/Users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/bin/cargo \
CARGO_CRATE_NAME=shlex \
CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR=/Users/fangjun/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/shlex-1.3.0 \
CARGO_MANIFEST_PATH=/Users/fangjun/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/shlex-1.3.0/Cargo.toml \
CARGO_PKG_AUTHORS='comex <comexk@gmail.com>:Fenhl <fenhl@fenhl.net>:Adrian Taylor <adetaylor@chromium.org>:Alex Touchet <alextouchet@outlook.com>:Daniel Parks <dp+git@oxidized.org>:Garrett Berg <googberg@gmail.com>' \
CARGO_PKG_DESCRIPTION='Split a string into shell words, like Python'\''s shlex.' \
CARGO_PKG_HOMEPAGE='' \
CARGO_PKG_LICENSE='MIT OR Apache-2.0' \
CARGO_PKG_LICENSE_FILE='' \
CARGO_PKG_NAME=shlex \
CARGO_PKG_README=README.md \
CARGO_PKG_REPOSITORY='https://github.com/comex/rust-shlex' \
CARGO_PKG_RUST_VERSION=1.46.0 \
CARGO_PKG_VERSION=1.3.0 \
CARGO_PKG_VERSION_MAJOR=1 \
CARGO_PKG_VERSION_MINOR=3 \
CARGO_PKG_VERSION_PATCH=0 \
CARGO_PKG_VERSION_PRE='' \
DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH='/Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps:/Users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib:/Users/fangjun/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib' \
/Users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/bin/rustc \
--crate-name shlex \
--edition=2015 \
/Users/fangjun/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/shlex-1.3.0/src/lib.rs \
--error-format=json \
--json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi,artifacts,future-incompat \
--crate-type lib \
--emit=dep-info,metadata,link \
-C embed-bitcode=no \
--cfg 'feature="default"' \
--cfg 'feature="std"' \
--check-cfg 'cfg(docsrs,test)' \
--check-cfg 'cfg(feature, values("default", "std"))' \
-C metadata=d38534b5664a9a84 \
-C extra-filename=-808473125270fb34 \
--out-dir /Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps \
-L dependency=/Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps \
--cap-lints warn`
warning: unexpected `cfg` condition name: `manual_codegen_check`
--> /Users/fangjun/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/shlex-1.3.0/src/bytes.rs:353:12
|
353 | #[cfg_attr(manual_codegen_check, inline(never))]
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
= help: expected names are: `docsrs`, `feature`, and `test` and 31 more
= help: consider using a Cargo feature instead
= help: or consider adding in `Cargo.toml` the `check-cfg` lint config for the lint:
[lints.rust]
unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(manual_codegen_check)'] }
= help: or consider adding `println!("cargo::rustc-check-cfg=cfg(manual_codegen_check)");` to the top of the `build.rs`
= note: see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/check-cfg/cargo-specifics.html> for more information about checking conditional configuration
= note: `#[warn(unexpected_cfgs)]` on by default
compiling cc v1.2.27
running `
cargo=/users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/bin/cargo \
cargo_crate_name=cc \
cargo_manifest_dir=/users/fangjun/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/cc-1.2.27 \
cargo_manifest_path=/users/fangjun/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/cc-1.2.27/cargo.toml \
cargo_pkg_authors='alex crichton <alex@alexcrichton.com>' \
cargo_pkg_description='a build-time dependency for cargo build scripts to assist in invoking the native c compiler to compile native c code into a static archive to be linked into rust code.' \
cargo_pkg_homepage='https://github.com/rust-lang/cc-rs' \
cargo_pkg_license='mit or apache-2.0' \
cargo_pkg_license_file='' \
cargo_pkg_name=cc \
cargo_pkg_readme=readme.md \
cargo_pkg_repository='https://github.com/rust-lang/cc-rs' \
cargo_pkg_rust_version=1.63 \
cargo_pkg_version=1.2.27 \
cargo_pkg_version_major=1 \
cargo_pkg_version_minor=2 \
cargo_pkg_version_patch=27 \
cargo_pkg_version_pre='' \
dyld_fallback_library_path='/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps:/users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib:/users/fangjun/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib' \
/users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/bin/rustc \
--crate-name cc \
--edition=2018 \
/users/fangjun/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/cc-1.2.27/src/lib.rs \
--error-format=json \
--json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi,artifacts,future-incompat \
--crate-type lib \
--emit=dep-info,metadata,link \
-c embed-bitcode=no \
--check-cfg 'cfg(docsrs,test)' \
--check-cfg 'cfg(feature, values("jobserver", "parallel"))' \
-c metadata=a7441a07b903063b \
-c extra-filename=-5dcc6a1224077a74 \
--out-dir /users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps \
-l dependency=/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps \
--extern shlex=/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps/libshlex-808473125270fb34.rmeta \
--cap-lints warn`
warning: `shlex` (lib) generated 1 warning
compiling ffi_ex_1 v0.1.0 (/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1)
running `\
cargo=/users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/bin/cargo \
cargo_crate_name=build_script_build \
cargo_manifest_dir=/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1 \
cargo_manifest_path=/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/cargo.toml \
cargo_pkg_authors='' \
cargo_pkg_description='' \
cargo_pkg_homepage='' \
cargo_pkg_license='' \
cargo_pkg_license_file='' \
cargo_pkg_name=ffi_ex_1 \
cargo_pkg_readme='' \
cargo_pkg_repository='' \
cargo_pkg_rust_version='' \
cargo_pkg_version=0.1.0 \
cargo_pkg_version_major=0 \
cargo_pkg_version_minor=1 \
cargo_pkg_version_patch=0 \
cargo_pkg_version_pre='' \
cargo_primary_package=1 \
cargo_sbom_path='' \
dyld_fallback_library_path='/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps:/users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib:/users/fangjun/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib' \
/users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/bin/rustc \
--crate-name build_script_build \
--edition=2024 \
build.rs \
--error-format=json \
--json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi,artifacts,future-incompat \
--crate-type bin \
--emit=dep-info,link \
-c embed-bitcode=no \
--check-cfg 'cfg(docsrs,test)' \
--check-cfg 'cfg(feature, values())' \
-c metadata=f2e7fe36c03b5ec1 \
-c extra-filename=-eeb655500d051c65 \
--out-dir /users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/build/ffi_ex_1-eeb655500d051c65 \
-c incremental=/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/incremental \
-l dependency=/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps \
--extern cc=/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps/libcc-5dcc6a1224077a74.rlib`
running `\
cargo=/users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/bin/cargo \
cargo_cfg_feature='' \
cargo_cfg_panic=unwind \
cargo_cfg_target_abi='' \
cargo_cfg_target_arch=x86_64 \
cargo_cfg_target_endian=little \
cargo_cfg_target_env='' \
cargo_cfg_target_family=unix \
cargo_cfg_target_feature=cmpxchg16b,fxsr,sse,sse2,sse3,sse4.1,ssse3 \
cargo_cfg_target_has_atomic=128,16,32,64,8,ptr \
cargo_cfg_target_os=macos \
cargo_cfg_target_pointer_width=64 \
cargo_cfg_target_vendor=apple \
cargo_cfg_unix='' \
cargo_encoded_rustflags='' \
cargo_manifest_dir=/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1 \
cargo_manifest_path=/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/cargo.toml \
cargo_pkg_authors='' \
cargo_pkg_description='' \
cargo_pkg_homepage='' \
cargo_pkg_license='' \
cargo_pkg_license_file='' \
cargo_pkg_name=ffi_ex_1 \
cargo_pkg_readme='' \
cargo_pkg_repository='' \
cargo_pkg_rust_version='' \
cargo_pkg_version=0.1.0 \
cargo_pkg_version_major=0 \
cargo_pkg_version_minor=1 \
cargo_pkg_version_patch=0 \
cargo_pkg_version_pre='' \
debug=true \
dyld_fallback_library_path='/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps:/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug:/users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib:/users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib:/users/fangjun/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib' \
host=x86_64-apple-darwin \
num_jobs=8 \
opt_level=0 \
out_dir=/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/build/ffi_ex_1-c1751820b0caf7b9/out \
profile=debug \
rustc=/users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/bin/rustc \
rustdoc=/users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/bin/rustdoc \
target=x86_64-apple-darwin \
/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/build/ffi_ex_1-eeb655500d051c65/build-script-build`
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] out_dir = some(/users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/build/ffi_ex_1-c1751820b0caf7b9/out)
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] opt_level = some(0)
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] target = some(x86_64-apple-darwin)
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] host = some(x86_64-apple-darwin)
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=cc_x86_64-apple-darwin
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cc_x86_64-apple-darwin = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=cc_x86_64_apple_darwin
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cc_x86_64_apple_darwin = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=host_cc
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] host_cc = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=cc
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cc = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=cc_enable_debug_output
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] rustc_wrapper = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=crate_cc_no_defaults
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] crate_cc_no_defaults = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] debug = some(true)
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=macosx_deployment_target
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] macosx_deployment_target = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=cflags
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cflags = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=host_cflags
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] host_cflags = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=cflags_x86_64_apple_darwin
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cflags_x86_64_apple_darwin = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=cflags_x86_64-apple-darwin
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cflags_x86_64-apple-darwin = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo_encoded_rustflags = some()
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=ar_x86_64-apple-darwin
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] ar_x86_64-apple-darwin = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=ar_x86_64_apple_darwin
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] ar_x86_64_apple_darwin = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=host_ar
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] host_ar = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=ar
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] ar = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=arflags
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] arflags = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=host_arflags
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] host_arflags = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=arflags_x86_64_apple_darwin
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] arflags_x86_64_apple_darwin = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=arflags_x86_64-apple-darwin
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] arflags_x86_64-apple-darwin = none
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rustc-link-lib=static=hello
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rustc-link-search=native=/Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/build/ffi_ex_1-c1751820b0caf7b9/out
[ffi_ex_1 0.1.0] cargo:rerun-if-changed=src/hello.c
Running `
CARGO=/Users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/bin/cargo \
CARGO_BIN_NAME=ffi_ex_1 \
CARGO_CRATE_NAME=ffi_ex_1 \
CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR=/Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1 \
CARGO_MANIFEST_PATH=/Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/Cargo.toml \
CARGO_PKG_AUTHORS='' \
CARGO_PKG_DESCRIPTION='' \
CARGO_PKG_HOMEPAGE='' \
CARGO_PKG_LICENSE='' \
CARGO_PKG_LICENSE_FILE='' \
CARGO_PKG_NAME=ffi_ex_1 \
CARGO_PKG_README='' \
CARGO_PKG_REPOSITORY='' \
CARGO_PKG_RUST_VERSION='' \
CARGO_PKG_VERSION=0.1.0 \
CARGO_PKG_VERSION_MAJOR=0 \
CARGO_PKG_VERSION_MINOR=1 \
CARGO_PKG_VERSION_PATCH=0 \
CARGO_PKG_VERSION_PRE='' \
CARGO_PRIMARY_PACKAGE=1 \
CARGO_SBOM_PATH='' \
DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH='/Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps:/Users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib:/Users/fangjun/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib' \
OUT_DIR=/Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/build/ffi_ex_1-c1751820b0caf7b9/out \
/Users/fangjun/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/bin/rustc \
--crate-name ffi_ex_1 \
--edition=2024 \
src/main.rs \
--error-format=json \
--json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi,artifacts,future-incompat \
--crate-type bin \
--emit=dep-info,link \
-C embed-bitcode=no \
-C debuginfo=2 \
-C split-debuginfo=unpacked \
--check-cfg 'cfg(docsrs,test)' \
--check-cfg 'cfg(feature, values())' \
-C metadata=068e65a8f5ae7900 \
-C extra-filename=-48ca45584c8a6533 \
--out-dir /Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps \
-C incremental=/Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/incremental \
-L dependency=/Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/deps \
-L native=/Users/fangjun/open-source/notes/docs/source/rust/code/ffi_ex_1/target/debug/build/ffi_ex_1-c1751820b0caf7b9/out \
-l static=hello`
Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 4.25s
tree . > b.txt
b.txt
.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── a.txt
├── b.txt
├── build.rs
├── src
│ ├── hello.c
│ └── main.rs
└── target
├── CACHEDIR.TAG
└── debug
├── build
│ ├── ffi_ex_1-c1751820b0caf7b9
│ │ ├── invoked.timestamp
│ │ ├── out
│ │ │ ├── ea708c7824d36062-hello.o
│ │ │ └── libhello.a
│ │ ├── output
│ │ ├── root-output
│ │ └── stderr
│ └── ffi_ex_1-eeb655500d051c65
│ ├── build-script-build
│ ├── build_script_build-eeb655500d051c65
│ └── build_script_build-eeb655500d051c65.d
├── deps
│ ├── cc-5dcc6a1224077a74.d
│ ├── ffi_ex_1-48ca45584c8a6533
│ ├── ffi_ex_1-48ca45584c8a6533.17mg2lvz5zsf4xisp4ugqnwo7.rcgu.o
│ ├── ffi_ex_1-48ca45584c8a6533.3l4c4w7v8kf8llhfrx4i7p5yc.rcgu.o
│ ├── ffi_ex_1-48ca45584c8a6533.4rpejftjpoen151ivfn5qariz.rcgu.o
│ ├── ffi_ex_1-48ca45584c8a6533.7hrnv0dz5cw72d51erex2v0bi.rcgu.o
│ ├── ffi_ex_1-48ca45584c8a6533.8yulq6zedu5kz2pppsyts0xlz.rcgu.o
│ ├── ffi_ex_1-48ca45584c8a6533.d
│ ├── ffi_ex_1-48ca45584c8a6533.dr47jdmpb57wqvb5e2le5xqf3.rcgu.o
│ ├── ffi_ex_1-48ca45584c8a6533.ehb6gqlxf57d6a0eh76iai9b0.rcgu.o
│ ├── libcc-5dcc6a1224077a74.rlib
│ ├── libcc-5dcc6a1224077a74.rmeta
│ ├── libshlex-808473125270fb34.rlib
│ ├── libshlex-808473125270fb34.rmeta
│ └── shlex-808473125270fb34.d
├── examples
├── ffi_ex_1
├── ffi_ex_1.d
└── incremental
├── build_script_build-35tgcqt68vk2k
│ ├── s-h8i0xk63ma-001vdkg-5w1mt9vbwdwfd0geysyn3a1ou
│ │ ├── 5cl9nz8leg4fp9dhwm8o3xtui.o
│ │ ├── 7qa59eaxgrwnvrui6xu6yolac.o
│ │ ├── 8lgj301y0ro8zv9b7ytlreq9j.o
│ │ ├── 8mvjxzqpmj3gh3t2p3cawrsmd.o
│ │ ├── 9bchr3q0syk5pwys1z7vb67cl.o
│ │ ├── b725p88zt33dujvfs20u5ushb.o
│ │ ├── dep-graph.bin
│ │ ├── e7jd1kyjm81jr46nyg9x9hgut.o
│ │ ├── ef35xgfwzws48flp98hjc2bvh.o
│ │ ├── query-cache.bin
│ │ └── work-products.bin
│ └── s-h8i0xk63ma-001vdkg.lock
└── ffi_ex_1-22x8jcwretezy
├── s-h8i0xkv65h-0ah7faj-e9zhf3dbt7y4n2l8y3g56e2uy
│ ├── 17mg2lvz5zsf4xisp4ugqnwo7.o
│ ├── 3l4c4w7v8kf8llhfrx4i7p5yc.o
│ ├── 4rpejftjpoen151ivfn5qariz.o
│ ├── 7hrnv0dz5cw72d51erex2v0bi.o
│ ├── 8yulq6zedu5kz2pppsyts0xlz.o
│ ├── dep-graph.bin
│ ├── dr47jdmpb57wqvb5e2le5xqf3.o
│ ├── ehb6gqlxf57d6a0eh76iai9b0.o
│ ├── query-cache.bin
│ └── work-products.bin
└── s-h8i0xkv65h-0ah7faj.lock
14 directories, 57 files